INDONESIAN LANGUAGE IN THE DIALECTS AND ACCENTS OF PAPUA

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SYNTATIC ANALYSIS

(INDONESIAN LANGUAGE IN THE DIALECTS AND ACCENTS OF PAPUA)

I. Background

Language is the system of communication consisting of sounds, words and grammar, or the system of communication used by the people of a particular country or profession. Usually, the identity of certain region reflected from the society when speaking. Every region has different languages and characteristics.

In this section the writer will discuss about the mother tongue of the Javanese people’s children who live in Papua. They have different mother tongue because their mother tongue is Indonesian language with Papuan dialect. It was different from Indonesian language itself and many languages in Papua.

The primary purpose of this study is to analyze the structure of Indonesian sentences in the dialect of Papuan language. The syntactical pattern of sentences is indispensable for the development of language system. Syntactical structure which is built from this study refers to the rules of syntax in the grammar of Indonesian language. It is caused to give the understanding the differences and the similarities of structure of both languages. The writer analyze the syntactical structure by using descriptive linguistic from the daily conversation that often be used in the society of papua.

II. Characteristics of Indonesian language in dialect and accent of Papua

When talking about the Papuan language, many questions will arise in our minds, such as what is Papuan language, how is the accent, how is the language pronounce. Actually, Papuan language is definitely little different from the Indonesian language, especially spelling, intonation, and pronunciation. Someone who has never heard the language of Papua will think if the language is rather strange and also a little coarse. Nevertheless, those are the uniqueness of Papuan language and make the Papuan language become interesting to know, because it has own characteristics in pronunciation and accent.

The sentences which are often used in daily conversation of the society in Papua basically do not have many differences from Indonesian language, because there are a few words in syncope or just say the word at the beginning of spelling, for example: saya (sa), punya (pu), pergi (pi), etc. Furthermore, if the people want to use Indonesian language in the dialect of Papua they must remember about possessive pronoun which always separated with the subject and the subject which is said first before possessive pronoun. For example: “Ini sa pu rumah (Ini rumahku), kop u maitua cantik sekali (Istrimu cantik sekali), udin, ko su kerjakan ko pu tugas kah belum ? (udin sudahkah kamu mengerjakan tugasmu ?).

III. Analyzing used syntactical structure

When, analyze the syntactic structure of sentence, we need to know the rule of the sentence. As we know that Indonesian language has a syntactical structure which sometimes different with the other languages and it also the same with Indonesian language in the dialects and accents of Papua which has unique construction.

In the first analyzes, the writer will analyze about possessive pronoun in the standard of Indonesian language and Indonesian language in the Papua context. In the standard of Indonesian language possessive pronoun always separated with the subject and the subject always mention before possessive pronoun but it is quite difference with papua context which is mention the subject after the possessive pronoun. For example: Ini rumah saya bersih dan indah. The syntactic pattern of this sentence is:

saya

rumah

ini

dan

indah

bersih

First, we have to make big box. Then, deciding what kind of structure that is appropriate with the sentence. It is structure of complementation. Then, we determine two immediate constituents. The first box is subject “ini rumah saya” and the second box is the complement “bersih dan indah”. Second, the next step is breaking up the first box and divides it into two immediate constituents again. It is structure of modification where the second box “rumah saya” is the head and the first box “ini” is the modifier. So, we separate the word “rumah saya” into two immediate constituents the word “rumah” as the head which is modified by the word “saya”. Third, we have to separate the word “bersih dan indah” into two immediate constituents. It is structure of coordination, the word “dan” connects between “bersih” and “indah”.

Ø The example above is Indonesian language as usually we found in the society, but here the writer will give the example in Indonesian language in Papua context.

For example: Ini sa pu rumah bersih dan indah ee.

indah

dan

bersih

Ini

rumah

In this context there are not many differences between syntactical pattern in the first and the second. The differences are the possessive pronoun before the head and after the head in the structure of modification. The analyzing in the second example:

First, we have to make big box. Then, deciding what kind of structure that is appropriate with the sentence. It is structure of complementation. Then, we determine two immediate constituents. The first box is subject “ini sa pu rumah” and the second box is the complement “bersih dan indah ee”. Second, the next step is breaking up the first box and divides it into two immediate constituents again. It is structure of modification where the second box “sa pu rumah” is the head and the first box “ini” is the modifier. So, we separate the word “sa pu rumah” into two immediate constituents the word “rumah” as the head which is modified by the word “sa pu”, then we make two immediate constituents the word “sa” is the head and the word “pu” is the modifier. Third, we have to separate the complement “bersih dan indah ee” into two immediate constituents. It is structure of coordination, the word “dan” connects between “bersih” and “indah”. Indonesian language in the Papua context has many words which do not have the meaning only the dialect such as “ee” then we cannot mention the description of the word.

The second analyzing, the writer analyzes the verb or the structure of predication in sentence. There are sentences which are mentioning the subject first which is followed with the predicate, still same with Indonesian language in (EYD). For example: Sa kerjakan sa pu tugas baru.

kerjakan

tugas

baru

First, We have to make a big box and determine the type of structure. It is structure of predication. So, the sentence is separated into two immediate constituents. The first box is subject as “sa” and the second box is predicate as “kerjakan sa pu tugas baru” Second, the next step is breaking up the second box and divides it into two immediate constituents again. It is structure of complementation where the first box is verbal element “kerjakan” and the second box is “sa pu tugas baru” as the complement. Third, we have to separate it into two immediate constituents. It is structure of modification, we have to make two immediate constituents again in the phrase “sa pu tugas baru” The word “tugas” as the head which is modified by the word “sa pu” and we make two immediate constituents again the word “pu” also as the head that is modified by the word “sa” and the word “baru” in the dialect of Papua also has a function as a complement or confirmation of the sentence. In this language, “sa” and “pu” is included in possessive pronoun, while there is not word “ku” or “my” in Indonesian language in Papua context.

The example from some source in an article in internet which used Indonesian language in the context of papua:

“Jadi, Jangan kitorang pake Bahasa Indonesia sebagai alat ukur atau patokan untuk kasih nilai tong pu bahasa ‘BAIK’ atau “TIDAK BAIK’. Sama saja dengan Bahasa Inggris. Jangan kitorang pake Bahasa Inggris Baku di British sebagai alat ukur ‘baik’ atau ‘tidak baik’ untuk nilai orang-orang di Amerika bicara Bahasa Inggris. Setiap daerah memang punya ciri khas masing-masing, dan itu tidak bisa dihilangkan. Perbedaan-perbedaan yang ada di antara kitorang punya bahasa-bahasa jangan kita pakai untuk saling remehkan satu sama lain. Oleh karena itu, kitorang harus belajar hargai tong pu kekayaan bahasa yang ada di negeri ini. Siapa lagi yang mau hargai kalau bukan kitorang sendiri?.”

IV. Conclusion

Indonesian language in Papua context is one of Indonesia language development, it has many unique characteristics which is different from the Indonesian language generally in EYD. The writer analyzes the sentences from the daily conversation which is used by the society in every day. As we know that the standard of Indonesian language possessive pronoun always separated with the subject and the subject always mention before possessive pronoun but in papua context it quite difference because the subject always mention after the possessive pronoun. In brief, by using descriptive linguistic analysis, we can conclude that the Javanese language also has syntactical structure itself.

V. References

Faisal, M. (2013). Pengaruh dialek dalam penggunaan bahasa. Retrieved december 7, 2013, from http://Muhammadfaizal.Indrasaputra.blogspot.com/2013/01/Pengaruh-dialek-dalam-penggunaan-bahasa.html.

Wikipedia. (2013). Language of Indonesia. Retrieved from

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/language_of_Indonesia.html